Why is tree diversity important in forest ecosystems?

Tree diversity is crucial in forest ecosystems because it enhances resilience to pests, diseases, and environmental changes. A diverse array of tree species can provide a buffer against the impacts of specific pests or pathogens that may thrive on one species but struggle to find suitable hosts among a mixture of different trees. This variety ensures there is a lower likelihood of catastrophic losses of tree populations, as some species may be more adaptable to changing climate conditions or resistant to certain diseases.

Additionally, diverse forests are better at maintaining ecological balance, as multiple species fulfill different roles within the habitat, supporting a wide range of wildlife. This interdependency helps stabilize the entire ecosystem, making it more robust under stress, such as extreme weather events or shifts in soil and water conditions.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the multifaceted benefits of tree diversity in forest ecosystems. While logging practices might be affected by tree diversity, the inherent value of maintaining a variety of species in promoting ecological health and stability is far more significant. Similarly, while reducing invasive species is a concern, it is not a direct benefit of tree diversity itself. The assertion that tree diversity has no impact on forest health is also fundamentally incorrect, as numerous studies highlight the positive effects that diversity has on overall ecosystem function and