What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a vital process primarily performed by plants, algae, and some bacteria, wherein these organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy. During photosynthesis, plants utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water absorbed through their roots. The chlorophyll in their leaves captures light energy, which facilitates the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This glucose serves as energy for the plant's growth and maintenance, while oxygen is released as a byproduct.

Understanding the importance of photosynthesis is key to recognizing how it supports life on Earth by providing the organic matter and oxygen necessary for the survival of most organisms. It forms the basis of the food chain, enabling plants to serve as primary producers in ecosystems. The other options, while related to biological processes, do not accurately describe photosynthesis itself. For example, animals converting food into energy pertains to cellular respiration, while decomposing organic matter relates to nutrient cycling in soils, both of which are separate from the photosynthetic process.