How does forest fragmentation affect animal migration?

Forest fragmentation significantly impacts animal migration by isolating populations and disrupting established migration routes. When forests are fragmented due to development, logging, or other human activities, animals may find it challenging to navigate through smaller, disconnected patches of habitat. This isolation can lead to several negative consequences, including limited access to food, mating opportunities, and essential resources.

As populations become separated, genetic diversity may decrease because individuals are unable to interbreed. This decline can result in reduced resilience to environmental changes and increased vulnerability to diseases. Furthermore, animals may become more susceptible to predation or competition in these fragmented areas, leading to population declines.

In contrast, the other options suggest that fragmentation either aids migration or has no impact at all, which contradicts the substantial body of evidence showing that fragmented habitats can hinder wildlife movement and affect ecosystem health. Therefore, understanding the adverse effects of forest fragmentation is crucial in wildlife management and conservation efforts.